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Likewise known as a motor, the engine is a device that can change energy into a useful mechanical motion. Whenever a motor transforms heat energy into motion it is typically referred to as an engine. The engine can come in many kinds like for instance the internal and external combustion engine. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel making use of air and the resulting hot gases are used for generating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They utilize heat to produce motion using a separate working fluid.
In order to create a mechanical motion through various electromagnetic fields, the electric motor has to take and create electrical energy. This kind of engine is very common. Other types of engine could be driven using non-combustive chemical reactions and some will make use of springs and be driven through elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function by compressed air. There are various designs depending upon the application needed.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
Internal combustion occurs whenever the combustion of the fuel combines along with an oxidizer inside the combustion chamber. Inside the IC engine, higher temperatures would result in direct force to certain engine components like for example the pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This particular force produces useful mechanical energy by way of moving the part over a distance. Usually, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating engine. Most rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines known as continuous combustion, which occurs on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines such as steam or Sterling engines vary greatly from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid such as hot water, pressurized water, and liquid sodium or air that are heated in some sort of boiler. The working fluid is not combined with, comprising or contaminated by combustion products.
The models of ICEs available right now come together with many weaknesses and strengths. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel would distribute efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have succeeded in lots of stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile utilization. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply utilized for vehicles like for instance aircraft, cars, and boats. Some hand-held power tools make use of either battery power or ICE equipments.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine uses a heat engine where a working fluid, like for instance steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This combustion occurs through a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which generates motion. Then, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or thrown, and cool fluid is pulled in.
The act of burning fuel using an oxidizer so as to supply heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines may be of similar application and configuration but use a heat supply from sources such as geothermal, solar, nuclear or exothermic reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of any composition, even though gas is the most common working fluid. From time to time a single-phase liquid is sometimes utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid varies phases between liquid and gas.
