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Some industrial and commercial buildings can reach heights of over 60 stories. Obviously, while these buildings are being built, they need equally tall cranes to be able to transport the supplies to the upper floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle attached or other kinds which are operated from the back of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction such as skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being built, odds are a crane would be on site.
Types
The two key types of cranes can be distinguished by the manner in which their boom or jib lifts materials. The jib is the metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can vary from 30,000 lbs. to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a mast. This is a vertical steel frame which is a combination of separate sections. So as to increase the overall height of the equipment, sections are added. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The driver of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to raise materials. This cord extends out from a motor located next to the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from tipping over when raising heavy supplies.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specialized type of mobile crane. These cranes utilize hydraulics and could lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are vital in constructing major projects such as bridges, airports, buildings and streets. A crane could complete in minutes tasks that will normally take a lot of hours and hundreds of men to complete.
These impressive machines have played a very important role in constructing cities, houses, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely constructed with the help of basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects ever.
The very first representation of a crane was featured during King Ramses' reign in Egypt during 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were used to create a whole nation throughout the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards began to require stronger and larger machinery. Hick & Rothwell developed the very first cast iron cranes within Bolton, England, in the year 1834. This equipment can lift up to 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together in order to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added benefit of flexibility. 4 years later, Germany started to build cast iron cranes. The first cast iron crane made by Germany was made in Neuburg.
